Giải câu 4 bài: Lũy thừa

Câu 4: Trang 56- sgk giải tích 12

Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:

a) $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}}(a^{-\frac{1}{3}}+a^{\frac{2}{3}})}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}(a^{\frac{3}{4}}+a^{-\frac{1}{4}})}$

b) $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}}(\sqrt[5]{b^{4}}-\sqrt[5]{b^{-1}})}{b^{\frac{2}{3}}(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{b^{-2}})}$

c) $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}b^{-\frac{1}{3}}-a^{-\frac{1}{3}}b^{\frac{1}{3}}}{\sqrt[3]{a^{2}}-\sqrt[3]{b^{2}}}$

d) $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}\sqrt{b}+b^{\frac{1}{3}}\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}}$

Bài làm:

a) $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}}(a^{-\frac{1}{3}}+a^{\frac{2}{3}})}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}(a^{\frac{3}{4}}+a^{-\frac{1}{4}})}$

= $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}}.a^{-\frac{1}{3}}+a^{\frac{4}{3}}.a^{\frac{2}{3}}}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}.a^{\frac{3}{4}}+a^{\frac{1}{4}}.a^{-\frac{1}{4}}}$

= $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3}}+a^{\frac{4}{3}+\frac{2}{3}}}{a^{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}}+a^{\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}}}$

= $\frac{a+a^{2}}{a+1}=\frac{a(a+1)}{a+1}=a$

Vậy $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}}(a^{-\frac{1}{3}}+a^{\frac{2}{3}})}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}(a^{\frac{3}{4}}+a^{-\frac{1}{4}})}=a$

b) $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}}(\sqrt[5]{b^{4}}-\sqrt[5]{b^{-1}})}{b^{\frac{2}{3}}(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{b^{-2}})}$

= $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}}.b^{\frac{1}{4}}-b^{\frac{1}{5}}.b^{-\frac{1}{5}}}{b^{\frac{2}{3}}.b^{\frac{1}{3}}-b^{\frac{2}{3}}.b^{-\frac{2}{3}}}$

= $\frac{b-1}{b-1}=1$

Vậy $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}}(\sqrt[5]{b^{4}}-\sqrt[5]{b^{-1}})}{b^{\frac{2}{3}}(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{b^{-2}})}=1$

c) $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}b^{-\frac{1}{3}}-a^{-\frac{1}{3}}b^{\frac{1}{3}}}{\sqrt[3]{a^{2}}-\sqrt[3]{b^{2}}}$

= $\frac{a^{\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{3}}b^{\frac{-1}{3}}-a^{\frac{-1}{2}}b^{\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{3}}}{a^{\frac{1}{6}}+a^{\frac{1}{6}}}$

= $(ab)^{\frac{-1}{3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}}$

Vậy $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}b^{-\frac{1}{3}}-a^{-\frac{1}{3}}b^{\frac{1}{3}}}{\sqrt[3]{a^{2}}-\sqrt[3]{b^{2}}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}}$

d) $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}\sqrt{b}+b^{\frac{1}{3}}\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}}$

= $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}.b^{\frac{1}{2}}+b^{\frac{1}{3}}.a^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{6}}+b^{\frac{1}{6}}}$

= $\frac{(ab)^{\frac{1}{3}}\left [ b^{\frac{1}{6}}+a^{\frac{1}{6}} \right ]}{a^{\frac{1}{6}}+b^{\frac{1}{6}}}=\sqrt[3]{ab}$

Vậy $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}\sqrt{b}+b^{\frac{1}{3}}\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}}=\sqrt[3]{ab}$

Cập nhật: 07/09/2021

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